Laborator 01 - Introducere

cod mașină

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void) 
{
      printf("SO, ... hello world!\n");

      return 0;
}
so@spook$ ls
hello.c
so@spook$ gcc hello.c                                 
so@spook$ ls
a.out  hello.c
so@spook$ ./a.out
SO, ... hello world!
so@spook$ ls
hello.c
so@spook$ gcc hello.c -o hello                          
so@spook$ ls                      
hello  hello.c
so@spook$ ./hello
SO, ... hello world!
#if 0 
int do_evil_things(context_t *ctx)
{
         int go_drink;

         /* set student mode ON :) */

         ctx->go_drink = NO;
}
#endif
/*
int do_evil_things(context_t *ctx) 
{
         int go_drink;

         /* set student mode ON :) */

         ctx->go_drink = NO;    
}
*/
#ifndef _STRING_H
#define _STRING_H       1

__BEGIN_DECLS

/* Get size_t and NULL from <stddef.h>.  */
#define __need_size_t
#define __need_NULL

/*
 * string related defines 
 */

#endif /* string.h  */
#include <stdio.h>

#define show_var(a) printf("Variable %s has value %d\n", #a, a);

int main(void)
{
        int teh_var = 42;
        show_var(teh_var);
        return 0;
}

so@spook$ gcc -o show show.c
so@spook$ ls
show  show.c
so@spook$ ./show
Variable teh_var has value 42  
#define DEBUG      1

#ifdef DEBUG
 /* afisare mesaje debug */
#endif
#ifdef DEBUG
#define Dprintf(msg)  printf(msg)
#else
#define Dprintf(msg)                /* do nothing */
#endif
#ifdef DEBUG
#define Dprintf(msg,...)  printf(msg, __VA_ARGS__)
#else
#define Dprintf(msg,...)                /* do nothing */
#endif
#ifdef DEBUG
#define Dprintf(msg,...)  printf(msg, ##__VA_ARGS__)
#else
#define Dprintf(msg,...)               /* do nothing */
#endif
#ifdef DEBUG
#define Dprintf(msg,...) printf("[%s]:%d" msg, __FILE__, __LINE__, ##__VA_ARGS__)
#else
#define Dprintf(msg,...)                /* do nothing */
#endif
so@spook$ ls
hello.c
so@spook$ gcc -S hello.c 
so@spook$ ls
hello.c  hello.s
#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
  printf("SO, ... hello world!\n");

  return 0;  
}
    .file  "hello.c"
    .section        .rodata
.LC0:
    .string "SO, ... hello world!"
    .text
.globl main
    .type  main, @function
main:   
    pushl  %ebp
    movl   %esp, %ebp
    andl   $-16, %esp
    subl   $16, %esp
    movl   $.LC0, (%esp)
    call   puts
    movl   $0, %eax
    leave
    ret
    .size  main, .-main
    .ident "GCC: (Ubuntu 4.4.1-4ubuntu9) 4.4.1"
    .section      .note.GNU-stack,"",@progbits
so@spook$ ls
hello.c
so@spook$ gcc -c hello.c 
so@spook$ ls
hello.c  hello.o
 void f(void);

/*
 * no definition for f here
 */

 int main(void)
 {
        f();      
        return 0;
 }
 void f(void);

 void f(void)
 {
 }

 int main(void)
 {
         f();
         return 0;
 }
so@spook$ ls
sample.c
so@spook$ gcc -c -o sample sample.c
so@spook$ ls
sample.c sample.o
so@spook$ gcc -o sample sample.c
/tmp/ccOVreJg.o: In function `main':
sample.c:(.text+0x7): undefined reference to `f'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
so@spook$ ls
sample.c
so@spook$ gcc -c -o sample sample.c
so@spook$ ls
sample.c sample.o
so@spook$ gcc -o sample sample.c
so@spook$ ls
sample sample.c  sample.o
#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
   int min = 10, max = 20, midpoint;

   /* midpoint = min+(max-min)/2; */
   midpoint = min + (max - min) >> 1;

   printf("The middle of interval
           [%d, %d] is %d\n", 
           min, max, midpoint);

   return 0;
}
so@spook$ ls
middle.c
so@spook$ gcc -o middle middle.c
so@spook$ ./middle 
Middle of interval [10, 20] is 10
so@spook$ gcc -Wall -o middle middle.c
middle.c: In function ‘main’:
middle.c:8: warning: suggest parentheses around ‘+’ inside ‘>>’
#include <stdio.h>
#include "util.h"

int main(void)
{
	 f1();
	 f2();
	 return 0;
}
#ifndef _UTIL_H
#define _UTIL_H   1

void f1 (void);
void f2 (void);

#endif
#include <stdio.h>
#include "util.h"

void f1(void)
{
   printf("Current file name is %s\n", __FILE__);

}
#include <stdio.h>
#include "util.h"

void f2(void)
{
   printf("Current line %d in file %s\n",
           __LINE__, __FILE__);
}
so@spook$ ls
f1.c  f2.c  main.c  util.h
so@spook$ gcc -Wall main.c f1.c f2.c -o main
so@spook$ ls
f1.c  f2.c  main  main.c  util.h
so@spook$ ./main 
Current file name f1.c
Current line 8 in file f2.c
so@spook$ ls
f1.c  f2.c  main.c  util.h
so@spook$ gcc -Wall -c  f1.c
so@spook$ gcc -Wall -c  f2.c
so@spook$ gcc -Wall -c  main.c
so@spook$ ls
f1.c  f1.o  f2.c  f2.o  main.c  main.o  util.h
so@spook$ gcc -o main main.o f1.o f2.o
so@spook$ ls
f1.c  f1.o  f2.c  f2.o  main  main.c  main.o  util.h
so@spook$ ./main 
Current file name f1.c
Current line 8 in file f2.c
so@spook$ ls -l /usr/lib/libm.*
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 496218 2010-01-03 15:19 /usr/lib/libm.a
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root     14 2010-01-14 12:17 /usr/lib/libm.so -> /lib/libm.so.6
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

int main(void)
{
   double x = 1000.0;
   printf("Cubic root for %g is %g\n", x, cbrt(x));
   return 0;
}

so@spook$ ls
cbrt.c
so@spook$ gcc -Wall -o cbrt cbrt.c
/tmp/ccwvm1zq.o: In function `main':
cbrt.c:(.text+0x1b): undefined reference to `cbrt'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
so@spook$ gcc -Wall -o cbrt -lm cbrt.c
so@spook$ ./cbrt 
Cubic root for 1000 is 10
so@spook$ gcc -Wall -c f1.c
so@spook$ gcc -Wall -c f2.c
so@spook$ ar rc libintro.a f1.o f2.o
so@spook$ gcc -Wall main.c -o main -lintro
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lintro
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
so@spook$ gcc -Wall main.c -o main -lintro -L.
so@spook$ ./main
Current file name is f1.c
Current line 5 in file f2.c
so@spook$ gcc -fPIC -c f1.c
so@spook$ gcc -fPIC -c f2.c
so@spook$ gcc -shared f1.o f2.o -o libintro_shared.so
so@spook$ gcc -Wall main.c -o main -lintro_shared -L.
so@spook$ ./main
./main: error while loading shared libraries: libintro_shared.so:
     cannot open shared object  file: No such file or directory
so@spook$ export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:.
so@spook$ ./main
Current file name is f1.c
Current line 5 in file f2.c
so@spook$ LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:.  ./main
Fisierul curent este f1.c
Va aflati la linia 5 din fisierul f2.c
so@spook$ ./main
./main: error while loading shared libraries: libintro_shared.so:
     cannot open shared object  file: No such file or directory
all:
       gcc -Wall hello.c -o hello
clean:
       rm -f hello
so@spook$ make
gcc -Wall hello.c -o hello
so@spook$ ./hello
SO, ... hello world!
so@spook$ make clean
rm -f hello
so@spook$ make all
gcc -Wall hello.c -o hello
so@spook$ mv Makefile Makefile.ex1
so@spook$ make
make: *** No targets specified and no makefile found.  Stop.
so@spook$ make -f Makefile.ex1
gcc -Wall hello.c -o hello
so@spook$ make -f Makefile.ex1 clean
rm -f hello
all: hello

hello: hello.o
        gcc hello.o -o hello

hello.o: hello.c
        gcc -Wall -c hello.c

clean:
        rm -f *.o *~ hello
so@spook$ make -f Makefile.ex2
gcc -Wall -c hello.c
gcc hello.o -o hello
so@spook$ make -f Makefile.ex2
make: Nothing to be done for 'all'.
CC = gcc
CFLAGS = -Wall -g

all: hello

hello: hello.o
        $(CC) $^ -o $@

hello.o: hello.c
        $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c $<

.PHONY: clean
clean:
        rm -f *.o *~ hello
main.o: main.c           
so@spook$ $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c -o $@ $<
CC = gcc
CFLAGS = -Wall -g

all: hello

hello: hello.o

hello.o: hello.c

.PHONY: clean

clean:
       rm -f *.o *~ hello
so@spook$ make -f Makefile.ex4
gcc -Wall -g   -c -o hello.o hello.c
gcc  hello.o   -o hello
CC = gcc
CFLAGS = -Wall -g

all: hello

hello: hello.o

.PHONY: clean

clean:
        rm -f *.o *~ hello
so@spook$ make -f Makefile.ex5
gcc -Wall -g   -c -o hello.o hello.c
gcc   hello.o   -o hello
so@spook$ls 
hello.c 
so@spook$ make hello
cc hello.c -o hello
CC = gcc                        # compilatorul folosit
CFLAGS = -Wall -g               # optiunile pentru compilare
LDLIBS = -lefence               # optiunile pentru linking

# creeaza executabilele client si server
all: client server

# leaga modulele client.o user.o sock.o in executabilul client
client: client.o user.o sock.o log.o

# leaga modulele server.o cli_handler.o sock.o in executabilul server
server: server.o cli_handler.o sock.o log.o

# compileaza fisierul client.c in modulul obiect client.o
client.o: client.c sock.h user.h log.h

# compileaza fisierul user.c in modulul obiect user.o
user.o: user.c user.h

# compileaza fisierul sock.c in modulul obiect sock.o
sock.o: sock.c sock.h

# compileaza fisierul server.c in modulul obiect server.o
server.o: server.c cli_handler.h sock.h log.h

# compileaza fisierul cli_handler.c in modulul obiect cli_handler.o
cli_handler.o: cli_handler.c cli_handler.h

# compileaza fisierul log.c in modulul obiect log.o
log.o: log.c log.h

.PHONY: clean

clean:
        rm -fr *~ *.o server client
so@spook$ make -f Makefile.ex6
gcc -Wall -g -c -o client.o client.c
gcc -Wall -g -c -o user.o user.c
gcc -Wall -g -c -o sock.o sock.c
gcc -Wall -g -c -o log.o log.c
gcc client.o user.o sock.o log.o -lefence -o client
gcc -Wall -g -c -o server.o server.c
gcc -Wall -g -c -o cli_handler.o cli_handler.c
gcc server.o cli_handler.o sock.o log.o -lefence -o server
#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
    printf("Hello, world!\n");
    return 0;
}
cl hello.c
$ cl /?    /* list of options for compiler */
$ link /?  /* list of options for linker */
cl /Fomyobj.obj /c mysrc.c
cl /Famyasm.asm /FA /c mysrc.c
>lib /out:<nume.lib> <lista fișiere obiecte>
# obținem fișierul obiect f1.obj din sursa f1.c
>cl /c f1.c
Microsoft (R) 32-bit C/C++ Optimizing Compiler Version 14.00.50727.42 for 80x86
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.

f1.c

#obținem fișierul f2.obj din sursa f2.c
>cl /c f2.c
Microsoft (R) 32-bit C/C++ Optimizing Compiler Version 14.00.50727.42 for 80x86
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.

f2.c

>cl /c main.c
Microsoft (R) 32-bit C/C++ Optimizing Compiler Version 14.00.50727.42 for 80x86
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.

main.c

#obținem biblioteca statică intro.lib din f1.obj și f2.obj
>lib /out:intro.lib f1.obj f2.obj
Microsoft (R) Library Manager Version 8.00.50727.42
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.

#intro.lib este compilat împreună cu main.obj pentru a obține main.exe
>cl main.obj intro.lib
Microsoft (R) 32-bit C/C++ Optimizing Compiler Version 14.00.50727.42 for 80x86
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.

/out:main.exe
main.obj
intro.lib
#include <stdio.h>

#include "funs.h"

#define DLL_IMPORTS

int main(void)
{
	 f1();
	 f2();

	 return 0;
}
#ifndef FUNS_H
#define FUNS_H   1

#ifdef DLL_IMPORTS
#define DLL_DECLSPEC __declspec(dllimport)
#else
#define DLL_DECLSPEC __declspec(dllexport)
#endif

DLL_DECLSPEC void f1 (void);
DLL_DECLSPEC void f2 (void);

#endif
#include <stdio.h>
#include "funs.h"

void f1(void)
{
   printf("Current file name is %s\n", __FILE__);

}
#include <stdio.h>
#include "funs.h"

void f2(void)
{
   printf("Current line %d in file %s\n",
           __LINE__, __FILE__);
}
>cl /LD f1.obj f2.obj
Microsoft (R) 32-bit C/C++ Optimizing Compiler Version 14.00.50727.42 for 80x86
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.

/out:f1.dll
/dll
/implib:f1.lib
f1.obj
f2.obj
   Creating library f1.lib and object f1.exp

>cl main.obj f1.lib
Microsoft (R) 32-bit C/C++ Optimizing Compiler Version 14.00.50727.42 for 80x86
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.

/out:main.exe
main.obj
f1.lib
>link /nologo /dll /out:intro.dll /implib:intro.lib f1.obj f2.obj
  Creating library intro.lib and object intro.exp

>link /nologo /out:main.exe main.obj intro.lib

>main.exe
Current file name is f1.c
Current line 6 in file f2.c
OBJ_LIST = parser.tab.obj parser.yy.obj
CFLAGS   = /nologo /W4 /EHsc /Za

EXE_NAMES = CUseParser.exe UseParser.exe DisplayStructure.exe

all : $(EXE_NAMES)

CUseParser.exe : CUseParser.obj $(OBJ_LIST)
  $(CPP) $(CFLAGS) /Fe$@ $**

UseParser.exe : UseParser.obj $(OBJ_LIST)
  $(CPP) $(CFLAGS) /Fe$@ $**

DisplayStructure.exe : DisplayStructure.obj $(OBJ_LIST)
  $(CPP) $(CFLAGS) /Fe$@ $**

clean : exe_clean obj_clean

obj_clean :
  del *.obj

exe_clean :
  del $(EXE_NAMES)
win\VS Tutorial\Debug>"Hello World.exe"
> cl hello.c 
> hello.exe 
> cl /Fehello_win hello.c 
> hello_win.exe 
> nmake 
> hello.exe 
$ gcc hello.c 
$ ./a.out 
$ gcc -o hello hello.c 
$ ./hello 

Macro	Semnificație
$@	numele țintei curente
$*	numele țintei curente mai puțin extensia
$**	toate dependențele unei ținte
$?	toate dependențele mai vechi decât ținta